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''Anopheles claviger'' is a mosquito species found in Palearctic ecozone covering Europe, North Africa, northern Arabian Peninsula, and northern Asia. It is responsible for transmitting malaria in some of these regions.〔 〕 The mosquito is made up of a species complex consisting of ''An. claviger sensu stricto'' and ''An. petragnani'' Del Vecchio. ''An. petragnani'' is found only in western Mediterranean region, and is reported to bite only animals, hence, it is not involved in human malaria. It was on ''An. claviger'' that Giovanni Battista Grassi established the fact that only the female mosquitoes are responsible for transmitting malarial parasite ''Plasmodium falciparum'' in humans. ''An. claviger'' was known for breeding abundantly in the Åland Islands of Finland. As a result, malaria was endemic in the islands for at least 150 years, with severe malaria outbreaks being recorded in the 17th century, and in 1853 and 1862. ==Scientific name== ''Anopheles claviger'' was first described by Johann Wilhelm Meigen in 1804. However due to its close resemblance with other anopheline mosquitoes, the systematics was variously changed. Originally Meigen named it ''Culex claviger'' which he changed it to ''An. bifurcutus'' in 1818. This was for a long period the accepted binomial but soon they realised that Carolus Linnaeus had already used the name for the males of ''Culex pipiens''.〔 After a decade James Francis Stephens renamed it ''An. grisescens'' in 1828. A number of scientific names was introduced after they were discovered from one region after another. Some recognised synonyms are:〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.wrbu.org/SpeciesPages_ANO/ANO_A-hab/ANcla_hab.html )〕 * ''An. amaurus'' Martini * ''An. grisescens'' Stephens * ''An. habibi'' Mulligan and Puri * ''An. missiroli'' Del Vecchio * ''An. pollutus'' Canamares * ''An. turkestani'' Shingarev * ''An. villosus'' Robineau-Desvoidy Italian biologists G. Del Vecchio in 1939 and G. Lupascu in 1941 were the first to notice that ''An. claviger'' comprised two morphologically distinct species. In 1962 M. Coluzzi revised the taxonomic status by classifying ''An. claviger'' as a species complex inclusive of ''An. petragnani''. The species could be identified only on small structural variation in the pupal stages, but is now identified using biochemical and molecular tools. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Anopheles claviger」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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